13 · Glossary

• Node: connection point; can consume water.
• Pipe: conveys water between nodes.
• Reservoir/Tank: source with fixed/variable level.
• Pump: increases pressure or flow.
• PRV/PSV/FCV valve: regulates pressure or flow.
• Demand: required flow at a node.
• Elevation: node height above reference.
• Pressure: available energy for service; low pressure means poor service.
• Flow (L/s or m³/s): volume per unit time.
• Friction loss: energy dissipated while flowing.
• Color map: visualization coloring the network by a metric.
• Convergence: solver reaches pressure/flow equilibrium.
• Headloss model: formula used for losses (Hazen-Williams or Darcy).